Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity. Individuals experience emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression), which can affect daily functioning.
These mood changes may influence relationships, work, and personal well-being. With support and treatment, symptoms can be managed to improve overall quality of life.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Influenced by genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental triggers.
- Life stressors may precipitate episodes.
People at high risk
- Individuals with family history of mood disorders.
- Those experiencing significant life stress or early trauma.
Symptoms
- Periods of unusually elevated or irritable mood.
- Episodes of deep sadness, fatigue, or lack of interest.
- Changes in sleep patterns, energy, and activity levels.
Eating Disorders
Eating Disorders involve abnormal eating behaviors that affect both mental and physical health. Common forms include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.
These conditions can affect self-esteem, nutrition, and daily functioning. Early recognition and treatment help individuals recover and improve overall wellness.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Develop from genetic, psychological, and societal influences.
- Body image pressure or stressful life events may contribute.
People at high risk
- Adolescents and young adults exposed to social pressures.
- Individuals with prior trauma or low self-esteem.
Symptoms
- Severe restriction or binge-eating behaviors.
- Distorted body image or preoccupation with weight.
- Physical signs such as fatigue or digestive problems.
Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders involve long-term patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviate from societal expectations. These patterns can cause difficulties in relationships, work, and social interactions.
Therapy and supportive interventions help individuals develop coping strategies and improve daily functioning. Understanding the condition allows for tailored treatment approaches.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Influenced by genetics, childhood environment, and life experiences.
People at high risk
- Individuals with childhood trauma or neglect.
- Those with family history of mental health conditions.
Symptoms
- Difficulty maintaining stable relationships.
- Rigid thought patterns and problematic coping strategies.
- Emotional instability or frequent interpersonal conflict.
Panic Disorders
Panic Disorders are characterized by sudden, intense episodes of fear or discomfort. Physical symptoms, such as heart palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath, often accompany these episodes.
Frequent panic attacks can interfere with daily life and cause persistent anxiety about future episodes. Therapy and coping strategies help reduce the frequency and impact of attacks.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Can develop from genetic predisposition and stressful life events.
People at high risk
- Individuals with family history of panic or anxiety disorders.
- Those exposed to trauma or major stressors.
Symptoms
- Unexpected, overwhelming fear.
- Sweating, trembling, or chest pain.
- Persistent worry about future attacks.
Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity (ADHD)
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting attention, focus, and self-control. Challenges often appear in school, work, and daily life activities.
Interventions and supportive strategies help manage impulsive behaviors and improve organization. Early recognition enhances skill-building and day-to-day functioning.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Linked to brain development differences, genetics, and environmental factors.
People at high risk
- Children and adolescents with family history of ADHD.
- Those exposed to prenatal stress or toxins.
Symptoms
- Difficulty sustaining attention and completing tasks.
- Impulsivity and restlessness.
- Disorganization or challenges managing time.
Anxiety
Anxiety disorders involve persistent worry, fear, or tension that disrupts daily life. Physical symptoms, such as restlessness, rapid heartbeat, and muscle tension, often accompany emotional strain.
Support and coping strategies can help reduce worry and improve daily functioning. Therapy helps individuals regain emotional balance and confidence.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- May result from genetics, personality traits, or stressful experiences.
People at high risk
- Individuals with family history of anxiety disorders.
- Those exposed to trauma or chronic stress.
Symptoms
- Excessive, difficult-to-control worry.
- Physical signs such as tension, restlessness, or rapid heartbeat.
- Trouble sleeping or concentrating.
Depression
Depression is a mood disorder affecting emotions, thoughts, and daily functioning. Individuals may experience persistent sadness, fatigue, and loss of interest in activities.
Treatment and support help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Early intervention can enhance emotional resilience and functioning.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Can result from genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental stressors.
People at high risk
- Individuals with family history of depression.
- Those undergoing significant life changes or trauma.
Symptoms
- Persistent low mood or loss of interest.
- Fatigue, appetite or sleep changes, and difficulty concentrating.
- Feelings of hopelessness or low self-worth.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD)
OCD is marked by unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors intended to reduce anxiety. These behaviors can interfere with daily routines and responsibilities.
Therapy and behavioral strategies help individuals manage compulsions and intrusive thoughts. Support improves functioning and reduces distress.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- May develop due to genetic predisposition, brain chemistry, or learned behavior patterns.
People at high risk
- Individuals with family history of OCD or anxiety disorders.
Symptoms
- Repetitive actions like checking, cleaning, or counting.
- Persistent, intrusive thoughts causing distress.
- Difficulty controlling urges.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health condition affecting thinking, perception, and behavior. Hallucinations or delusions can make daily activities challenging.
Ongoing support and structured care help individuals manage symptoms. Therapy and interventions improve functioning and social interaction.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Influenced by genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental stressors.
People at high risk
- Individuals with family history of schizophrenia or severe mental illness.
Symptoms
- Hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized thinking.
- Reduced emotional expression or difficulty performing daily tasks.
- Challenges maintaining relationships or employment.
Trauma
Trauma results from exposure to distressing or life-threatening events and can affect mental and physical health. Emotional responses may include fear, anxiety, or shock.
Early support helps individuals process the experience and reduce ongoing stress. Counseling promotes coping skills and recovery.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Can result from accidents, abuse, natural disasters, or violence.
People at high risk
- Individuals experiencing prolonged or repeated stress.
- Survivors of abuse or severe accidents.
Symptoms
- Emotional distress, flashbacks, or heightened anxiety.
- Difficulty sleeping or concentrating.
- Emotional numbness or avoidance behaviors.
PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)
PTSD develops after exposure to traumatic events. Symptoms can include flashbacks, emotional distress, and heightened alertness.
Therapy and support help individuals process trauma and regain control over daily life. Structured interventions reduce distress and improve coping.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Triggered by life-threatening or traumatic experiences.
People at high risk
- Survivors of abuse, combat, accidents, or disasters.
Symptoms
- Intrusive memories, nightmares, or flashbacks.
- Emotional distress or hypervigilance.
- Avoidance of reminders of trauma.
Adjustment Disorders
Adjustment Disorders involve emotional or behavioral responses to major life changes or stressors. Symptoms may include sadness, irritability, or difficulty coping.
Support and counseling help individuals adapt to new circumstances. Developing coping strategies improves daily functioning and emotional balance.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Arise from major life events such as relocation, job changes, or personal losses.
People at high risk
- Individuals undergoing sudden life changes.
- Those with limited coping skills or prior mental health concerns.
Symptoms
- Sadness, worry, or irritability.
- Difficulty performing at work or school.
- Behavioral changes or social withdrawal.
Psychosis
Psychosis is a condition affecting perception of reality, often involving hallucinations or delusions. It can interfere with thoughts, behavior, and social interaction.
Structured care and therapy assist in managing symptoms. Support helps individuals maintain routines and relationships.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Can result from mental health conditions, substance use, or medical disorders.
People at high risk
- Individuals with family history of psychotic disorders.
- Those exposed to significant stress or trauma.
Symptoms
- Hallucinations or delusional beliefs.
- Disorganized speech or thought patterns.
- Difficulty functioning in daily life.
Initial Psychiatric Evaluation
An Initial Psychiatric Evaluation is a comprehensive assessment of mental health, including mood, cognition, and behavior. It identifies concerns and helps develop a treatment plan.
This evaluation ensures therapy, medications, or interventions are suited to individual needs. It establishes a foundation for effective mental health care.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Conducted when symptoms affect mood, behavior, or daily functioning.
People at high risk
- Individuals experiencing new or worsening mental health concerns.
Symptoms/Key Points
- Assessment includes mental status, history review, and goal setting.
- Identifies underlying conditions and treatment needs.
Medication Management
Medication Management involves monitoring psychiatric medications for effectiveness and safety. Adjustments may be made based on symptoms or side effects.
Regular follow-ups and collaboration with healthcare providers optimize treatment outcomes. Proper management helps reduce risks and improve overall mental health.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Needed when mental health conditions require pharmacological support.
People at high risk
- Individuals taking multiple medications or with complex psychiatric conditions.
Symptoms/Key Points
- Monitoring effects and side effects.
- Adjustments to optimize treatment outcomes.
1:1 and Group Therapy
1:1 and Group Therapy provide structured support for emotional, behavioral, or social challenges. Individual sessions focus on personal concerns, while group sessions offer peer support and shared experiences.
Therapy enhances coping skills, emotional regulation, and social strategies. Participation improves resilience and overall personal growth.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Used to manage mental health symptoms, stress, or trauma.
People at high risk
- Individuals seeking coping strategies, emotional support, or skill-building.
Symptoms/Key Points
- 1:1 therapy allows focused attention on individual concerns.
- Group therapy promotes shared learning and peer support.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Some individuals have no symptoms, while others experience irritation, discharge, or discomfort during urination.
Early diagnosis and treatment prevent complications and reduce transmission. Education and safe practices support sexual health and well-being.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
- Caused by sexual transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis.
People at high risk
- Sexually active individuals, especially with multiple partners.
Symptoms
- Vaginal or penile discharge, irritation, or discomfort.
- Some may have no noticeable symptoms.
- Early treatment prevents complications.